附录D (规范性附录) 寄生虫学和病理组织学检查 D.1 细粒棘球蚴 呈囊状,内含液体,圆形或卵圆形多为单囊,直径由不足1cm至10cm以上,巨大的虫体可达30cmn。组织学检查可见囊壁分为两层,外层为角皮层,内层为生发层,生发层向内长出许多原头节或生发囊。肺包虫病患者在棘球囊破裂后,可咳出含棘球蚴囊壁、子囊 原头节和顶突钩的痰液。肉眼即可识别棘球蚴囊壁和子囊,但仍应进行组织学检查。痰液可直接涂片锐检。最好将痰液稀释后离心,取沉渣镜检。肝包虫病患者可应用B超引导下的细针穿刺检查,或手术摘除棘球蚴后取材做检查。 D.2 多房棘球蚴 典型的多房棘球蚴是由无数直径小于1mm至30mm的不规则的棘球蚴囊组成泡状结构。由于变性坏死,在病灶的中心区常形成充满坏死组织的液化腔。显微镜检查,可见较薄的PAS阳性的角皮层,生发层常不易辨认。感染人体的泡球蚴很少形成育囊和原头节。泡球蚴的内部为坏死组织区,外部有组织细胞和淋巴细胞浸润。泡球蚴周围有慢性炎症反应、组织纤维化和钙化。由于组织纤维化使泡球呦变得致密和坚硬。 参考文献 1. WHO/OIE Manual on Echinococcosis in Humans and Animals:
a Public Health Problem of GlobalConcern Edited by J. Eckert, M. A. Gemmell,F.
-X. Meslin and Z. S. Pawlowski World Organiza-tion for Animal Health(Office
International des Epizooties) and World Health Organization.
200lReprinted:January 2002 2. Craig P, Pawlowski Z. Cestode Zoonoses:
echinococcosis and cysticercosis. An emergent and globalproblem. IOS Press 3. Oriol R, Williams J F. Purification of lipoprotein
antigens of Echinococcus granulosus from sheephydatid fluid, Am J Trop Med Hyg
1971;20 : 569-574 4. Gottstein B, Eckert J, Fey H. Serological
differentiation between Echinococcus gramulosus andEchinococcus multilocularis
infections in Man. Parasitol Res, 1983; 69 : 347-356 5. Ito A., Nakao M. , Kutsumi H. Serodiagnosis of
alveolar hydatid disease by Western Blotting.Trans R Soe Trop Med Hyg 1993;87 :
170-172 6. Jiang L., Wen H and Ito A. Immunodiagnostic
differentiation of alveolar and cystic echinococcosisusing EL.ISA test with
18-kDa antigen extracted from Echinococcus protoscoleces. Trans Roy SocTrop Med
Hyg 2001;95(3) 285-288 |